Palabras clave
seguridad
Unión Europea
Rusia
China
narrativa
Cómo citar
Resumen
La desinformación representa una amenaza híbrida cada vez más compleja para la Unión Europea, especialmente desde 2014. Este trabajo analiza cómo actores estatales y no estatales, principalmente Rusia y China, han utilizado narrativas manipuladas para socavar la democracia, polarizar la opinión pública y desestabilizar procesos electorales. Se examina el concepto de desinformación y FIMI (Manipulación e Injerencia de la Información Extranjera) y su impacto en la esfera pública europea. A través del análisis de casos en Ucrania, Reino Unido, Alemania, Italia, Francia y España, se ilustra la estrategia de penetración discursiva de dichos actores. Asimismo, se revisan las respuestas institucionales de la UE: el Grupo de Trabajo Stratcom, el Plan de Acción contra la Desinformación, el Código de Buenas Prácticas, la Ley de Servicios Digitales y la Brújula Estratégica, entre otros instrumentos. La investigación subraya que, aunque se ha avanzado en la coordinación institucional y en la regulación de plataformas digitales, persisten desafíos críticos, como la falta de una narrativa propia de la UE, la escasa alfabetización mediática y los riesgos de sobrerregulación. La UE debe fortalecer su resiliencia democrática sin sacrificar los valores fundamentales de libertad de expresión y pluralismo informativo.
Citas
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