Going missing and suicide outcomes. An analysis of method, location and distance travelled.
PDF (Español (España))

How to Cite

Larrañaga Casquero, L., Alfaro Coronado, M., García Barceló, N., & González Álvarez, J. L. (2019). Going missing and suicide outcomes. An analysis of method, location and distance travelled . Behavior & Law Journal, 5(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.47442/blj.v5.i1.62

Abstract

Going missing is considered a global phenomenon that generates a great concern in society and has a great psychological impact on the people involved. In spite of the fact that most people that go missing are located within 24 hours in good health conditions, there is a percentage of cases associated to a fatal outcome, with suicide identified as the leading cause of death. The current research focuses on the study of missing people with a suicide outcome according to the missing person’s sex and age. By using a statistical and descriptive analysis of the chosen methods, locations and distance travelled, an association between these variables has been tried to establish. The results found show that men tend to use hanging and woodlands, therefore travelling a longer distance, while women are more likely to overdose and travel a shorter distance. There were no consistent results for method and location according to age, although it was possible to observe that the travelled distance was shorter the older the missing person was. This study shows an increase of the empirical knowledge on the phenomenon of going missing with a suicide outcome, providing information that may be used in preventive strategies, as well as in police response. 

https://doi.org/10.47442/blj.v5.i1.62
PDF (Español (España))

References

Association of Chief Police Officers (2013). Interim guidance on the management, recording and investigation of missing persons. Londres: College of Policing. Recuperado de: http://library.college.police.uk/docs/college-of-policing/Interim-Missing-Persons-Guidance-2013.pdf

Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97(1), pp. 90-113.

Bergen, H., Hawton, K., Waters, K., Ness, J., Cooper, J., Steeg, S. y Kapur, N. (2012) How do methods of non-fatal self-harm relate to eventual suicide? Journal of Affective Disorders 136, pp. 526-533. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.036.

Biehal, N., Mitchell, F. y Wade, J. (2003). Lost from view: missing persons in the UK. The Policy Press. Recuperado de: https://www.york.ac.uk/inst/spru/research/pdf/lostFromView.pdf

Bonny, E., Almond, L. y Woolnough, P. (2016). Adult missing persons: can an investigative framework be generated using behavioural themes? Journal of investigative psychology and offender profiling 13(3), pp. 296-312.

Bowers, L. (2014). Safewards: a model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wards. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21, pp. 499-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1459

Camacho-Sandoval, J. (2008). Asociación entre variables: correlación no paramétrica. Acta Médica Costarricense, 50 (3), 144-146. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43411549004

Callanan, V. y Davis, M. (2011). Gender differences in suicide methods. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, pp. 857-869. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0393-5.

De Leo, D., Conforti, D. y Carollo, G. (1997). A century of suicide in Italy: a comparison between the old and the young. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 27(3), pp. 239-249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1997.tb00406.x.

Domènech, J. (2018). Tratamiento policial de las personas desaparecidas, especial atención a los familiares de los desaparecidos. Centro de Estudios Jurídicos. Recuperado de: https://www.fiscal.es/fiscal/PA_WebApp_SGNTJ_NFIS/descarga/Ponencia_Domenech_Gustems_Jordi.pdf?idFile=083aaabe-2659-4823-acff-d0b6fcdc3dbe

Eales, N. (2017). Risky business? A study exploring the relationship between harm and risk indicators in missing adult incidents. Thesis final. University of Portsmouth. Portsmouth, United Kingdom. Disponible en: https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/files/11009886/Naomi_Eales_Thesis_final_copy_Risky_Business.pdf

Foy, S. (2006). Profiling missing persons within New South Wales. Charles Sturt University. Recuperado de: https://missingpersons.gov.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20-%20Publications/Research/Australian/Profiling%20Missing%20Persons%20within%20NSW.pdf

Foy, S. (2016). A profile of missing persons: some key findings for police officers. En: Morewitz S., Sturdy Colls C. (eds) Handbook of Missing Persons. Springer, Cham, pp. 7-18. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40199-7_2.

Fyfe, N., Stevenson, O. y Woolnough, P. (2015). Missing persons: the processes and challenges of police investigation. Policing and Society 25(4), pp. 409-425. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.881812.

García-Barceló, N., Tourís, R.M. y González, J.L. (2019). Personas desaparecidas: conveniencia de fomentar la investigación científica en España, Boletín Criminológico, artículo 2/2019 (nº183). Disponible en www.boletincriminologico.uma.es/boletines/183.pdf

Gibb, J. y Woolnough, P. (2007). Missing persons: understanding, planning, responding. Recuperado de: https://missingpersons.gov.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20-%20Publications/Research/International/Missing%20Persons%20Understanding%20Planning%20Respondi.pdf

Hawton, K. y Heeringen, K. (2009). Suicide. Centre for Suicide Research, Lancet. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X.

Hedges, C. (2002). Missing you already: A guide to the investigation of missing persons. London: Home OfficePolice Research Group.

Ministerio del Interior (2018). Informe “Personas desaparecidas” España. Centro Nacional de Desaparecidos. Recuperado de: http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/serviciosdeprensa/notasprensa/Documents/060318INFORME_PERSONASDESAPARECIDAS.pdf

Ministerio del Interior (2019). Informe “Personas desaparecidas” España. Centro Nacional de Desaparecidos. Recuperado de: http://www.interior.gob.es/documents/10180/9814700/2019_02_21+INFORME+DE+PERSONAS+DESAPARECIDAS.PDF/72e112d3-ce2f-4653-8527-6e5c5649e4ce

National Crime Agency (2016). iFind. UK Missing Persons Bureau.

National Crime Information Center (2017). Missing person and unidentified person statistics. Recuperado de: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/2017-ncic-missing-person-and-unidentified-person-statistics.pdf/view

Newiss, G. (1999). Missing presumed…? The police response to missing persons. Police Research Series 114. Londres: Home Office. Recuperado de: http://library.college.police.uk/docs/hopolicers/fprs114.pdf

Newiss, G. (2006). Understanding the risk of going missing: estimating the risk of fatal outcomes in cancelled cases. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 29 (2), pp. 246-260. DOI: 10.1108/13639510610667655.

Newiss, G. (2011). Learning from fatal disappearances: a report by Missing People. Londres: Missing People. Recuperado de: http://www.missingpeople.org.uk/files/Research%20publications%20and%20presentations/Learning_from_Fatal_Disapearances_2011.pdf

Pedrosa, I., Juarros-Basterretxea, J., Robles-Fernández, A., Basteiro, J. y García-Cueto, E. (2014). Pruebas de bondad de ajuste en distribuciones simétricas, ¿qué estadístico utilizar? Universitas Psychologica, 14(1), 245-254. DOI: 10.11144/Javeriana.upsy14-1.pbad

Pértega, S. y Pita, S. (2004). Asociación de variables cualitativas: el test exacto de Fisher y el test de Mcnemar. Metodología de la Investigación, Fisterra.

Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad (2009). Instrucción 1/2009, de 20 de mayo, sobre la actuación policial ante la desaparición de menores de edad y otras desapariciones de alto riesgo.

Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad (2014). Instrucción 14/2014, de 3 de julio, por la que se regula el procedimiento para la activación y funcionamiento del sistema de alerta temprana por desaparición de menores.

Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad (2017). Instrucción 1/2017, de 24 de abril, por la que se actualiza el “protocolo de actuación policial con menores”.

Siegel, S. y Castellan, N.J. (1995). Estadística no paramétrica, aplicada a las ciencias de la conducta. Editorial Trilla. México.

Shalev, K., Schaefer, M. y Morgan, A. (2009). Investigating missing person cases: how can we learn where they go or how far they travel? International Journal of Police Science & Management 11(2), pp. 123-129. DOI: 10.1350/ijps.2009.11.2.116.

Skogman, K., Alsén, M. y Öjenhagen, A. (2004). Sex differences in risk factor for suicide after attempted suicide: a follow-up study of 1052 suicide attempters. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 39, pp. 113-120. DOI 10.1007/s00127-004-0709-9.

Sveticic, J., San Too, L. y De Leo, D. (2012). Suicides by persons reported as missing prior to death: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2, pp. 1-7. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221979142_Suicides_by_persons_reported_as_missing_prior_to_death_A_retrospective_cohort_study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000607.

Stevenson, E. y Thomas, S. (2018). A 10 year follow-up study of young people reported missing to the police for the first time in 2005. Journal of Youth Studies, 21 (6), 1-15. DOI:10-1080/13676261.2018.1268874

Tadros, G., y Salib, E. (2000). Age and methods of fatal self harm (FSH). Is there a link? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15, pp. 848-852.

Tang, J., Wu, S., y Miao, D. (2013). Experimental test of escape theory: accessibility to implicit suicidal mind. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 43(4), pp. 347-355. DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12021.

Tarling, R., y Burrows, J. (2004). The nature and outcome of going missing: the challenge of developing effective risk assessment procedures. International Journal of Police Science and Management 6(1), pp. 16-26.

Taylor, C., Woolnough, P., y Dickens, G. (2018). Adult missing persons: a concept analysis. Psychology, Crime & Law, pp. 1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2018.1529230.

Tinoco, O. (2008). Una aplicación de la prueba chi-cuadrado con SPSS. Revista de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial 11(1), pp. 73-77.

Woolnough, P., Magar, E., y Gibb, G. (2019). Distinguishing suicides of people reported missing from those not reported missing: retrospective Scottish cohort study. BJPsych Open 5(1), pp. 1-6.

Yong, H. y Tzani-Pepelasis, C. (2019). Suicide and associated vulnerability indicators in adult missing persons: implications for the police risk assessment. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9308-7.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2019 Behavior & Law Journal

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.